最新高中英语词汇教案设计范文1
★学习目标:
1.复习,学习并运用本单元话题语言表达
2. 发展阅读技巧(推断作者态度)
★自学导航:
1.单词表检测
&navigation n. splendid adj. communism n. thrill v. delight n. imaginary adj. Greenwich uniform n. original adj. royal adj. longitude n. pot n. error n. sightseeing n. consistent adj. tense n.
statue n. Highgate Cemetery St Paul's Cathedaral
Westminster Abbey Buckingham Palace
2. London will hold the 2012 Olympic Games. What do you think is its advantage over other cities?
★上课流程:
Step 1
1). What does the longitude line mean? It means ____B_____
A. it is a line that divides the East and the West
B.it is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world
C.it is a line that ships need
D.it passes by Greenwich
2). Zhang Pingyu felt very proud of her country because___C____
A. she saw many wonderful treasure displayed in the museum
B.she saw Karl Marx’s statue in Highgate cemetery
C.she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show
D. she was going to see the Queen the next day
3).Zhang Pingyu’s comment on Big Ben is ____D___
A.delighted B. splendid and interesting
C. full of statues of poets and writers D.famous and very loud
Step 2 Make a list of Zhang Pingyu’s tour of London and a comment on each place she visited.
sites of London comments
Day 1 Tower
St Paul’s Cathedral
Westminster Abby
Big Ben
Delight
splendid and interesting
interesting
famous and very loud
Day 2 Greenwich
famous and interesting
Day 3 Karl Marx’s statue
British Museum
famous and interesting
thrilled
Step 3
If you have the chance to go to London in 2012, which places do you like to go to most, and why? Make a dialogue with your partner. The dialogue should contain the information: what are the historical attraction mentioned famous for? Who built them? What happened to them in the history? Why do you want to visit these places?
Step4
1. sightseeing n.& a.观光的 go sightseeing 观光 游览
sightsee v. 观光 sightseer n.观光客 游客
2.Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list if the sites she wanted to see in London. 由于担心时间不够,张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。
1)worried about 过去分词作状语,表原因。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语,它的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在被动关系。
Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager.
Faced with such a hard task, we must redouble our efforts.
2) available adj.
① (sth.)that can be used 可用的;可得到的
This was the only available room.
② (sb.) be free to seen 可会见的
I am available in the afternoon.
He was not available for the interview.
3. delight n.&v. 愉快,乐趣,快乐
to one’s delight 令…感到愉快的是 delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
delight in 喜欢,嗜好 take delight in 乐于,爱好
delighted adj. be delighted to do
1)I took delight in books.
2)To his delight, he passed the driving test.
3)She delights inbeing surrounded by admirers.
4. remain
vi.剩下,留下,保持,依然
其后可接名词,形容词,分词,动词不定式to do和介词短语
It remains to be seen that…有待证实
Much work remained to be done.I’ll remain to see the end of the match.
We should remain modest.
He remained listening.
She remained under the care of her uncle.
5 It looked splendid when first built!
当第一次建的时候它看上去很辉煌!
省略句:结构中的主语与主名句的主语一致时,可省略相同成分。
When first built=When it was first built
When asked why he was late , he went red.
Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
6.in memory of=in honor of 为了纪念
eg: The museum was built in memory of the great writer – Lu Xun.
in favor of 支持;赞成 in honor of 向…致敬;纪念 in need for需要
in search of 寻找 in celebration of 为了庆祝
拓展have a good memory 记忆力好
memorize/memorise vt.记住,记忆
memorial n.纪念碑;纪念品
7.display n. & v. 陈列,展示,表露
on display 展览 on show 展示 =on exhibition
eg.The seller displays all kinds of fruits in the shop.
display one’s true feelings 表露自己真正的感受
8.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 这似乎是一件怪事;这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦去世。
1) It seems…that…(should) have…为虚拟语气
虚拟语气用在It is/seems strange( necessary, natural, important, a pity) that…这类句型里, that所引导的主语从句的谓语动词经常用虚拟语气,should有时省略
It seems strange that he (should) know so much about me.
It's necessary that the problem be settled in some way or other.
2) It seems that…看起来…
there seems to be…看上去像是…
It seems that he is lying.
There seems to be every reason to believe that business will get better.
9 .thrill vt. 激动,刺激,使毛骨悚然 The film thrilled the audience.
Her voice thrilled with fear.
n.一阵激动、震颤、紧张感、毛骨悚然的感觉
Riding a roller coaster gives you a thrill.
拓展
thrilling adj. 令人激动的 a thrilling experience
thrilled adj.感到激动的 He was thrilled when he knew he had passed the examination.
10.feel/be proud of 自豪(褒义) feel/be proud about 骄傲(贬义)
do sb proud 给人面子,待人客气 take pride in 以……为自豪
He takes (a) pride in his success.
He is proud of his success
★课堂检测:
The passage is mainly about ___B_____
A. Karl Marx’s satue in Highgate Cemetery.
B. a Chinese girl’s introduction to London’s sightseeing
C. London’s history
D. a Chinese girl’s comments on London.
句型转换
1).I asked somebody else to repaired the tap.
I ___had___ may tap ___repaired_____.
2) A library was built in honor of the great scientist.
A library was built __in__ ___memory____ ___of__ the great scientist.
3) Would like to see the treasures displayed in the museum?
Would you like to see the treasure _on____ ___show____ in the museum?
4) He seems to know everything.
__It___ ____seems___ __that___ he knows everything.
5) I was thrilled by her beauty.
Her beauty ___thrilled____ ____me____.
★课后拓展:
Ⅰ短语检测
1. 去观光 2.为担忧 3. 可用的时间
4.列清单 5.令人感到愉快的是 6.依然矗立
7.皇家宫殿 8.令人十分惊讶的是 9.发现某事由…守卫
10.在特殊的日子 11.穿着四百年前风格的制服
12.接着的是 13.为了纪念 14.鸣钟
15.设定世界时间 16.使他最感兴趣的是 17.一条假象的线
18.划分东西两半 19.穿过 20.拍照
21.这似乎是一件怪事 22.原始地 23.令…震惊
24.展览 25.感到骄傲 26.离开…去…
1.go sightseeing 2.be worried about 3.the time available 4.make a list of 5. to one’s delight 6.remain standing 7.a royal palace 8.to one’s great surprise 9.find sth. guarded by… 10.on special occasions 11.wear the four-hundred-year-old uniform 12.there follows… 13.in memory of 14.ring out 15.set the world time 16. What interests him most was… 17.an imaginary line 18.divide the eastern and western halves 19.pass through 20.have a photo taken 21.It seems strange that… 22.the original place 23.be thrilled by 24.on show 25.feel proud of 26.leave…for…
Ⅱ
1. It’s a pity that there should be no tickets ___A_____ for the play.
A. available B.spare C.convenient D.affordable
2.We’re ___A_____ to hear your wonderful news.
A.thrilled B.thrilling C.thrill D. a thrill
3.____B____ to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things.
A Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote
4.____B_____ surprised me most was the suggestion that he ________
A.What;should made B What; had made C.That;should make D.That;had made
5.I can’t see my grandmother __C___ alone in the country, so I’ll have her ____ with me in the city.
A.leave;staying B.leaving; to stay C.left;stay D.left;stayed
最新高中英语词汇教案设计范文2
一. 单元分析(Unit Analysis)
(一) 单元地位(Unit Position)
1. 本课在对伟大的科学家描述时, 谈及了科学家们的共同特点及他们在科学征途上不畏艰难,迎难而上的精神。教师可以围绕"伟大的科学家"这个主题,设计活动让学生参与口语讨论,加强对科学家的生平和必须具备的品质的了解,从而激励学生向科学家们学习他们坚持真理,持之以恒的精神。
2. 围绕本课主题"伟大的科学家",学生讨论如何才能做一个伟大的科学家?做一名伟大的科学家需要那些具体的品质?我们应该如何向科学家们学习?
3. 本课中出现了新的语法现象---不定式的完成体和被动式,强调句式。
其中出现的不定式的完成体和被动式的重点词组有:happen to do, be glad to do, seem to do
重点句型有:Mr. Black happened to have read some articles about Einstein's theory.
He was glad to be invited to attend a lecture on Einstein's theory.
Einstein's theory seems not to be understood by many people even today.
强调句式有:It was...that... do的各种形式。
4. 设计对话,竞猜等形式,让学生在任务教学模拟情景中反复操练本单元出现的不定式和强调句式。
(二)单元目标(Unit Target)
1 了解不定式的完成体和被动式,能区别完成体和被动式的用法,并能熟练运用不定式进行描述。
2 能对科学家的生平事迹进行简单的描述:(出生,国籍,科学领域, 成就或称号......)
3 能述说某一个科学家的小故事。
4 了解强调句式,学会用强调句式。
(三)单元重点(Unit Points)
1 关键词:
◆语言知识类
be fascinated by , come to power, speak out against, Theory of Relativity, become involved in, apart from, take oneself seriously, pass away, leave behind, a wealth of
◆ 交际功能类
国家和国籍:Jewish, Germany, Swissland, Italy, the United States
科学术语:photoelectric effect, Nobel Prize, atomic,bomb,gravity,relativity,nuclear,weapon
2 功能:
1)Talk about learning(讨论学习) 参见课本85页Useful Language
●Grammar must be learned through language, and not language through grammar.
●He who nothing questions, nothing learns.
●I forgot what I was taught, I only remember what I have learned.
●If you don't learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.
●It is not shame for a man to learn that which he knows not, whatever his age.
●Live to learn, not learn to live.
●Never too old to learn.
●Study, study and study.
●The more you study, the more you will find yourself ignorant.
●There is no royal road to learning.
2)Describe things using emphasis:(用"强调句式"描述事物)
●It was when Einstein was fifteen that his family moved to Italy.
●It did give him plenty of time to think about physics.
3 语法点:
本课出现的不定式的完成体和被动式,强调句式应该作为本课的教学重点。
二.教学设计(Teaching Designs)
教学内容
教学实施建议
教学资源参考
1 Reading
作为"伟大的科学家"的这一主题的引入,教师可以利用"头脑风暴手段",结合合作小组的活动方式,让学生列出尽量多的科学家的名字和他们的国籍,科学领域以及他们的主要成就,既让学生回顾了曾经学过的国家, 国籍,又可以引出一些新的词汇。
对于几幅科学家的图片进行简单介绍,了解科学家的事业和生平。
在此基础上,阅读并讲解课文,使学生对科学家有更多的,更深刻的,更全面的了解。
〔链接1〕头脑风暴法的操作建议。
课本75页Highlights部分。
可以参看课外关于科学家的读物。如:《科学家故事》,其中有和课文相关的故事:
惜时如金的爱因斯坦--珍惜时间的故事2 Listening
作为教材的第80页的听力部分,可以让学生了解到Edison的生平事迹。同时建议教师可以利用上海教育出版社出版的《英语(新世纪)》,开展相关主题的听力活动作为对教材的补充。
教材的第80页Listening Practice
在课堂内利用第四课时做。
3 Speaking
以"伟大的科学家"为主题设计口语活动。
活动一:让学生事先查找科学家的有关资料,根据图片介绍科学家。
活动二:故事竞猜。让四个同学作为一个活动小组,课前利用网络和图书馆的资源,查找一个科学家的生平事迹以及他的小故事,然后在课堂内讲述,一边描述,一边让其他同学竞猜科学家的名字。
活动三:采访。采访同学最喜欢的科学家是谁?对他有何了解?为何最喜欢他?他有什么精神是值得大家学习的?采访结果可以现在小组内交流,然后由小组推选代表在班级进行汇报。
〔链接2〕故事竞猜的一些具体教学建议。
课本84页Listening and Talking。
4 Writing
本部分内容-运用新学的知识,让学生写一个关于科学家介绍的海报,其中包括照片,图片,科学家的生平,事迹,名言,轶事,贡献等。可以让学生自己完成,并贴在教室后面的墙报处。这样对于书本知识加以巩固和反馈,同时也能了解学生对于课文的掌握程度。
课本85页D Further Practice。
5 Structure
不定式的完成体和被动式,强调句式是本课的语法教学内容。教师可以通过,"句型操练"、"话题讨论"两个层次,循序渐进教授语法,同时还可以在课堂上播放语法flash短片,使枯燥的语法讲解和学生的实际相结合,提高学生学习语法的兴趣。
〔链接3〕不定式的完成体和被动式的教学建议和课件。
课本81页Structure部分。
6 Additional Reading
本部分与Unit3内容直接相关,建议放在最后一个课时。本文出现的重要词和词组:natural selection, point out, take up, survive, adapt into, evolution, ancestor, prohibit。针对"适者生存"这个原则,可以在学生中展开讨论,为什么我们现在看不到曾经称霸一时的恐龙?他们生活在什么样的一个时代?为什么会灭绝?我们应该怎样保护地球上的生物,以免重蹈恐龙灭绝的覆辙?
〔链接4〕话题讨论的教学建议。
课本第86页Additional
Reading。
〔链接1〕
说明:
利用"头脑风暴"是提供学生积极思维的好机会。这一环节的运用既能发挥学生的积极主动性,有能使学生在小组活动中互相帮助。以小组形式呈现合作结果,让全体学生对有关"伟大的科学家"以及他们的国籍,科学领域的词汇加以回顾和复习,对新的词汇加以补充与学习。让学生了解伟大的科学家们刻苦钻研,不为艰难的精神,并发自内心地向他们学习。
1 教师准备空白纸,分发到每一个小组中。在组员中确定"记录者";"汇报者",并明确职责。时间控制在两分钟内。
2 在"头脑风暴"过程中,"记录者"记录组内所有成员能想到的有关科学家的词汇。
3 请每组"汇报者"报出所罗列的"科学家"总数。以优胜者为代表汇报结果。教师可以把一些较好的词汇写在黑板上,让全班同学学习。
4 请其余各组补充未提及的一些新词汇。
5 最后教师补充一些学生没有提到的词汇。
例: 以下是一优胜组所列出的科学家和国籍以及他们的科学领域和主要成就或称号:
Edison, American, invention,light
Newton, Jewish, physics, Newton's first law of motion
Einstein, American,physics,the Theory of Relativity
Chenjingrun, Chinese, maths,
Sunsimiao, Chinese, medical, King of medical
其余组补充词汇:
Bruno, Italian, philosopher
Da vinci, Italian, artist and philosopher
Gauss, Germany,maths, King of maths
教师补充词汇:
Nobel, Sweden, chemistry, bomb
Darwin, England, biology, origin of species
Galileo, Italian, physics,telescope
〔链接2〕
"故事竞猜"是一个很好的让学生从图书馆和网络上查找、了解信息的好方式,该活动同时也能锻炼讲述故事的学生对于语言的组织能力和表达能力,对于竞猜的同学来说,也是锻炼听力和思维能力的一种方式。
例:华罗庚:
He was a very famous Chinese scientist major in maths. He was born in 1910. When he was in the primary school, he had poor marks and could hardly graduate from school. Then he went to a professional school to study. A year later, he had to quit school because of poverty. Then he began his self-study in a small room, almost the same room you saw in the film of Den Xiaoping where Chenjingrun studied.
Student B: It's 华罗庚。
Teacher: That's right. Do you still remember the room? Please describe it to us.
Student B: It was very dirty, humid, and dark... Things are out of order.
Teacher: Yes. In spite of the hardship, he continued to study by himself and finally was admitted to Qinhua University to teach the students maths..
〔链接3〕
插入一个语法flash讲座,以生动活泼的故事形式教授语法,能够更加吸引学生的注意力,引起学生对枯燥的语法的学习兴趣。
〔链接4〕
这个话题很值得学生们的思考与讨论。人类的社会和生产活动,由于只考虑当前需要以及少数人的贪婪,直接地盲目捕猎,或者间接地破坏了动物的生活环境,致使动物无法生存,造成一些珍稀动物灭绝了,一些动物正在濒于灭绝。据科学家估计,自十六世纪以来,世界上约有二百五十多种动物已经绝种了,尚有六百种动物正濒于绝灭之灾。从哺乳动物来看,1771年至1870年的一百年内,有12种绝了种;在1871年至1970年的一百年内,至少有43种被灭绝。现在平均每年绝灭一种。可见,野生动物绝灭的速度越来越快。因此,保护珍稀动物,抢救濒于灭绝的动物种群,保存和发展自然资源,是一件关系子孙后代的大事,是一项刻不容缓的紧迫任务。
1. Discussions on the following issues:
●When did dinosaurs live on earth?
●What did dinosaurs live on?
●Why did dinosaurs die out?
●How to protect other animals from dying out?
2. A report for presentation
●To investigate what kind of animals are faced with extinction and what can we do to protect them?
最新高中英语词汇教案设计范文3
教学目标:学生进一步熟悉基础写作的特征和基本要求,培养正确的写作思路及方法,掌握常用的写作模式和句型。消除对写作的恐惧心理,培养写作兴趣。
教学重点:如何审题;如何进行信息整合;上下文的承接。
教学难点:写作思路及方法的培养
教学方法:讲练结合,精讲多练,引导学生体会与模仿。
一、 基础写作题的特点
高考设置基础写作题的目的是要检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力,如用词的合理性、句子结构的复杂度、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。因此,基础写作题与往年的书面表达依然会有很多相似点,但也会出现一些新的特点。
1.写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生的学习和生活,如校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游、以及与考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预料明年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围内,并为所有考生所熟悉。
2.写作的题材主要是故事性描述和应用文。历年的基础写作题的题材也会与往年书面表达相似,主要有故事性描写和应用文写作两大类。命题形式可能是看图写故事、看图表说明、根据表格信息完成一封短信或一份通知这类的应用文等。
3.内容呈现的方式具有半封闭性。作文试题逐步走向开放将是大势所趋。但是,基础写作题还只能是半封闭的,其特点是写作的内容是被规定了的,考生必须将文章所规定的信息点完整、全面地表达出来,但对于语言表达的方式、信息组织的先后秩序、需要补充哪些必要的信息等,考试又有一定的自主构思空间。
4.用5句话表达。这是基础写作题与往年书面表达题最显著的不同点。往年是规定字数(100词左右),句子的数量不作规定,所以很多考生为了不犯句法错误总是使用一些简单句。而历年的基础写作只能用5句话来表达题目所给的全部信息点,但所给的信息点与往年的书面表达相比并不会减少,所以,用5个简单句很难完成任务,必须使用复合句或并列句来综合多个信息点,而且还要照顾句子之间的衔接和语意上的连贯。从只一点来说,基础写作题对考试运用语言能力的要求大大提高了。
二、基础写作题提出的新要求
1.信息组织能力。信息组织能力包括信息归类、信息排列和信息表达三个环节。对于题目所提供的各种信息点,考生首先需要依照一定的标准将信息进行归类,并初步计划将哪些信息放到同一个句子中;其次是将信息进行合理的排列,排列必须依照一定的标准,如时间顺序、空间顺序、因果关系、递进关系等;第三是选择表达的秩序,确定句子之间的先后顺序,这既要考虑语句上能否衔接,还要考虑语意上的连贯。在组织信息的过程中,还要对某些信息进行必要的增删,使文章意思连贯、语言畅谈、逻辑严密。
2.运用复杂句子的能力。在整理和归类信息点之后,就需要正确地使用比较复杂的句子,综合的表达信息。复杂句子主要有三类:
第一类是复合句或含有非谓语动词、介词短语的复杂句。复合句主要有三类:含有名词性从句的复合句,含有状语从句的复合句,含有定语从句的复合句。
第二类是并列句或带有并列成分的复杂句。连接并列句或并列成分的并列连词主要有四类:表示意义引申的并列连词,如and,both… and,not only…but also,and… as well,not… nor,neither… nor等;表示选择的并列连词,如or,whether… or,either… or等;表示转折或对比的并列连词,如but,while,whereas,only等;表示因果关系的for。此外,therefore,besides,however,nevertheless,moreover,furthermore,what’s more,in addition,on the contrary,after all等连接性状语也可以在句子之间起连接作用,表示分句之间的并列关系。
第三类是一些特殊句型,如使用强调句、倒装句、含有with复合结构的句子、there be开头的句子、以形式主语it 开头的句子等。
正确使用各种句型,不仅能够完成题目所要求的任务,还能使文章的句式变得丰富、行文更加流畅、中心和主旨更加突出。
三、基础写作题的备考策略
在基础写作的备考过程中,一方面要重视养成一些良好的写作习惯,如认真审题、巧妙构思、常写草稿、工整书写、仔细核对等好习惯,另一方面在组织信息和训练复杂句子结构方面要多下工夫。下面以“广东省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省英语科考试说明”中的样题为例,探讨如何备考基础写作题。
第一节:基础写作(共1小题,满分15分)
假设你最近参加了由某电视台举办的中考生英语演讲比赛并获奖,该台准备组织获奖者去北京参加一次英语夏令营活动,下表是这次活动的时间安排和活动内容。
【写作内容】
电视台就活动时间和活动内容征求你的意见。请按照以下要求用英语以书信形式给予答复。
1.选择适合你的时间并说明理由;
2.解释你只能参加其中的两项活动(听英语讲座和教外宾学中文),虽然你认为所以的活动都很有意义;
3.说明你选择的理由:听英语讲座了解英美文化的信息;教外宾学中文因为2008北京奥运会让越来越多的外宾想了解中国。
【写作要求】
1.必须使用5个句子表达全部内容
2.信的开头和结尾已给出。
3.夯实基础,掌握基本的句子结构及其用法。对于大多数考生来说,用词不准和句子结构错误是写作失分的“罪魁祸首”。夯实基础、掌握基本的句子结构及其用法是基础写作备考的主要任务,完成这项任务可以分步骤进行:
教学内容与过程:
Step one: Greetings and dictation
Step two: 讲练结合,并就学生作文较常出现的错误进行点评,讲评过程注意把握好学生作文中的常见的非智力因素方面的失分。
Step three: 就学生作文中出现的常见错误进行适当的点评。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m glad to be invited to the English summer camp. ① Thank you very much for arranging so many activities, such as English corner, English lectures, English films, English songs, English plays and helping foreigners learn Chinese. ② I am sure all the activities will do a lot of good to us students. ③ But it is a pity that I can only take part in two of them, because I will have to spend some time in doing my research project. ④ I would like to listen to the lectures, by which I will learn some about western culture, and help foreigners learn Chinese, as more and more foreigners want to know about China and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
⑤ I want to see my grandparents in the country right after our school finishes in mid-July, so I am going to attend the camp from August 15th to 22nd.
Thank you very much.
Yours truly,Li Ping
第一步:练习写简单句,练就写简单句基本不犯语言错误的“真功”。考生必须熟练掌握英语的五种基本句型,尤其是:“主语+谓语+(其它成分)”;“主语+系动词+表语”。
附五种基本句型:
1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语,可用于这种句型的连系动词分成两类:表示变化的:turn,become,get,go,stay,remain等;表示状态的:be,seem,look,feel,taste,smell等。
2.主语 + 不及物动词,注意:不及物的短语动词也可用于这个句型,如 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另这种句型中常有状语,且不用于被动语态。
3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语,及物的短语动词也可用于这种句型。但如果短语由“动词 + 副词”构成,作宾语的代词只能置于其中,作宾语的名词则既可置于其中也可置于其后;如果短语动词由“动词 + 介词”构成,无论是代词还是名词作宾语,一律置于其后,如:他考虑了(它)这个计划一夜。
He thought it / the plan over all the night.
He thought over the plan all the night.
He thought about it / the plan all the night.
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,一些间接宾语可改成一个由to引起的短语,表示动作是“向谁”做的;一些间接宾语可改成一个由for引起的短语表动作是“为谁”做的。
如:我给他一些钱。/ 他给我买了一本书。
I gave him some money. / I gave some money to him.
He bought me a book. / He bought a+ book for me.
5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补,必须注意有多种形式都可以作为宾补的成分,如:n,adj,to do,省略to的不定式,介词短语等。
如表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾补时,不用冠词:我们选他当班长。 We made him monitor.
第二步:练习运用复杂句。要提高运用复杂句的能力,考生必须要攻克三个易错点:一是主句与从句之间主谓结构混乱,造成主句缺谓语;二是没有掌握关联词的用法,错用、多用、漏用关联词;三是该使用简单句的地方人为地复杂化,如可以用分词或介词短语来表达的,却偏要用从句。
此外,简单句用得太多,会造成文章读起来乏味。在评卷员看来,同样意思的内容,能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达,当然会认为其运用语言的能力要比只会用简单句来表达要强,评分自然就高。
1.巧用非谓语动词。运用非谓语动词,可以使文句看起来更简洁,使语言更加丰富多彩,重点更加突出,增加文采。如:I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. (2004年广东卷)
2.巧用with复合结构。“with+名词/ 代词+现在分词/ 过去分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词”结构,常作伴随状语以增加被描绘内容的生动性和情感性,使文章读起来更简洁明了。试以下两个句子:
I couldn’t go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me. (普通)
I couldn’t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. (高级)2004年广东卷
3.巧用复合句。高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性,鼓励考生尽量使用教复杂的结构,并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果恰当运用各类从句,就会使文章出彩。如2006年广东卷:What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. (定语从句)
4.巧用倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等。使用这些句式可使文章化平淡为生动,加强语气,使评卷老师感受作者的强烈情感。如以下几个句子:
(倒装句)Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.
(感叹句)I thought, “How hard mum is working! She must be very tired.”
5.巧用排山倒海句式。如能运用一个个排比句、对偶句、不定式或短语,可令文章增色不少,给评卷员眼前一亮的感觉。如:The purpose of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.
第三步:结构要清晰而流畅,巧用过渡词。众所周知,语言的层次不是传统语法所说的句子,而是语篇。语篇指的是一系列连接的语段或句子构成的语言整体。一篇好的文章不但句子正确,要点齐全,更重要的是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分。因此,恰当使用好连接性的词语和句子,是使作文获得高分的一个重要因素。
附高中英语书面表达常用的过渡词语和表达方式:
1.文章及段落起始的过渡词语:to begin with; generally speaking; first of all; in the first place; in general; generally; in my opinion;
2.文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语:therefore, thus; in conclusion; in brief; to sum up; in a word (注意:要避免在这些短语之前用“so”)
3.常见的表示先后次序的过渡词语:first; second; next; eventually; since then; afterward; meanwhile; therefore; immediately
4.常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语:accordingly; for this reason; as a result; in this way; consequently; so; due to; therefore; because of; thus
5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词语:in contrast with; similarly; on the contrary; different from; likewise; equally important; on one hand, on the other hand
6.常用于表示举例的过渡词语:a case in point; for example; that is; for instance
7.有关描写图表的过渡词语:during this time/ period; apart from; compared with; from the above table/ chart/ graph; on average; below/ above the average; increase/ reduce/ decrease by
8.常用表示强调的过度词语:furthermore; moreover; besides; in fact; indeed; in particular; what’s more; in addition;
最新高中英语词汇教案设计范文4
8.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事,stop doing 停止做某事。例如:
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择\"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事\"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop doing sth.不正确。
8.2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事,forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如:
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
8.3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事,remember doing 记得做过某事。例如:
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don\'t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8.4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾,regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如:
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。
I don\'t regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案:D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。
8.5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事,cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。例如:
That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。
8.6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力,企图做某事,try doing 试验,试着做某事。例如:
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn\'t succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。
8.7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事,go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如:
After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习
8.8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为\"怕\",be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的,意为\"生怕,恐怕\"。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着,不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
8.9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事,interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。例如:
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)
I\'m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)
8.10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想,mean doing 意味着。例如:
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。
8.11 begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.
1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing。例如:
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?
2)begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do。例如:
I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。
3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。例如:
I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。
4)事物作主语时。例如:
The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了
8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性,+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如:
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调\"我看见了\"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调\"我见他正干活\"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
最新高中英语词汇教案设计范文5
一、人称代词是表示\"我\"、\"你\"、\"他\"、\"她\"、\"它\"、\"我们\"、\"你们\"、\"他们\"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
例如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It\'s me. 是我。
二、 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人物和数的变化见下表。
数 单数 复数
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性物主代词 my your his/her/its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
例如: I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。
Our school is here,and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。
三、 指示代词表示\"那个\"、\"这个\"、\"这些\"、\"那些\"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
例如:That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。
四、 表示\"我自己\"、\"你自己\"、\"他自己\"、\"我们自己\"、\"你们自己\"和\"他们自己\"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为
\"反身代词\"。
例如:She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么大的区别。
例如:They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。
例如:--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆。
--- I don\'t know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。
七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)
例如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、
表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(先行词)。
例如:He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
3.1 人称代词的用法
1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中。例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语。
例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主语补语= It\'s me.)
说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
3.2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1) 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。
---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。
---- Me too. --我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。
b. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
3.3 代词的指代问题
1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。
例如: Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来,是吗?
2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。
例如: Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。
3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。
3.4 并列人称代词的排列顺序
1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称-> 第三人称 -> 第一人称,即you-> he/she; it -> I。
例如:You, he and I should return on time.
2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称,即we ->you->they。
注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误,承担责任时,
It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,
如:I and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。
c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。
d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
3.5 物主代词
1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。例如:
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--\'s属格结构。例如:
Jack\'s cap 意为The cap is Jack\'s。
His cap 意为The cap is his。
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语。例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语。例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。
c. 作介词宾语。例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的去解释。
d. 作主语补语。例如:
The life I have is yours. It\'s yours. It\'s yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。
3.6 双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。例如:a friend of mine, each brother of his.
3.7 .反身代词
1) 1) 列表
数 单数 复数
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称代词 I you he/she/it we you they
反身代词 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves
另外:one的反身代词为oneself
2)做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词,如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等。例如:
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词,如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等。例如:
I could not dress(myself)up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。例如:
Please sit down. 请坐。
3) 用作表语,如结构be oneself。例如:
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
4) 用作同位语
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
5) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:No one but myself(me)is hurt.
注意:
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。例如:
Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。
3.8 相互代词
1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。例如:
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。
2)相互代词的句法功能:
a. 作动词宾语;
People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。
b. 可作介词宾语;
Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多。例如:
He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c. 相互代词可加-\'s构成所有格。例如:
The students borrowed each other\'s notes. 学生们互借笔记。
3.9 指示代词
1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词。例如:
单数 复数
限定词 This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代词 This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能;
a. 作主语。例如:
This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。
b. 作宾语。例如:
I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c. 作主语补语。例如:
My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。
d. 作介词宾语。例如:
I don\'t say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。
说明1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。例如:
(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)
(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)
(错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)
(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)
说明2:That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)
(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)
3.10 疑问代词
1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:
指人: who, whom, whose
指物: what
既可指人又可指物: which
2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:
疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
限定词:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
说明1:无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内。例如:
Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
说明2:Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代。)
说明3: 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句末。例如:
For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(现代英语)
说明4: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句。例如:
I can\'t make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
3.11. 关系代词
1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。例如:
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。
2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:
指人 指物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
宾 格 whom that that
属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那枝折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
说明:非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。
3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子。例如:
He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
说明: 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。另外,关系代词that在从句中作表语时也可省略,例如:
I\'ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。
He\'s changed. He\'s not the man he was. 他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。
3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor
1)不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2)不定代词的功能与用法
a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。例如:
I have no idea about it. 我不知该咋办。
b. all 都,指三者以上。all 的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。例如:
All goes well. 一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说 all the book,而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all day,all night, all the year;但习惯上不说 all hour,all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all China,all the city,all my life,all the way
3)both 都,指两者。
a. both 与复数动词连用,但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。
b. both, all 都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前, be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。例如:
Who can speak Japanese? 谁能讲日本话?
We both(all)can. 我们都不会。
4)neither 两者都不
a. neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
b. 作定语与单数名词连用,但neither… nor 用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
c. 可用于下列句型,避免重复。例如:
She can\'t sing,neither(can)he. 她不会唱歌,他也不会。
5)neither 与nor 的比较
a. 如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用 nor。例如:
If you don\'t do it,neither should I. 如果你不干,我也不干。
b. 如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。例如:
He can\'t sing,nor dance,nor skate. 他不会唱歌,不会跳舞,也不会滑冰。
3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones
一、 none 无
1) none作主语,多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中,none可单独使用。例如:
Are there any pictures on the wall? 墙上有画吗?
None. 没。
2) none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。例如:
It is none of your business. 闲事莫管。
二、few 一些,少数
few 作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
2) 当做\"某一\"解时,也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain)
You will be sorry for this some day. 总有一天,你会为此后悔的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 有些人不同意你的看法。
注意:(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a.肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议。例如:
Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗?
b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时。例如:
If you need some help,let me know. 需要帮助,跟我说。
c.some位于主语部分。例如:
Some students haven\'t been there before. 有些学生没去过那儿。
d.当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。例如:
I haven\'t heard from some of my old friends these years. 这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说,你可任读一本。
五、one, 复数形式为ones
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some, any,而不用ones。例如:
Have you bought any rulers? 买尺了吗?
Yes, I \'ve bought some. 买了,买了几把。
3.14 one,that 和it
one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。例如:
I can\'t find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can\'t find my hat. I don\' t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
3.15 one/another/the other
one… the other 只有两个
some… the others 有三个以上
one… another,another…
some… others,others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,a third。
4) 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others。
3.16 “the”的妙用
He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是帮我的学生之一。
第一句定语从句与the students 一致。
第二句定语从句与the one 一致。
3.17 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each
1.anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。
2.no one 和none
a) none 后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one只单独使用,只指人。
b) none 作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。例如:
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?
---- No one. --没有。
3.every 和each
1) every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。例如:
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。
2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3) every 只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。例如:
Every boy has to take one. 每个男孩必须取一个。
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作状语,each可作状语。
5) every 有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有。
6) every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定。例如:
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。
3.18 both, either, neither, all, any, none
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后,行为动词之前或第一个助动词之后。
1) both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。例如:
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
2) both,either
both与复数连用,either与单数连用。例如:
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.
There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路边长满了野花。
There are flowers on either side of the street.
3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一个), none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。例如:
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don\'t like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
注意:all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。例如:
All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。
3.19 many, much
Many,much都意为\"许多\", many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词。例如:
How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了会议。
How much time has we left? 还剩多少时间?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在开会。
Much of the time was spent on learning.学习上化了许多时间。
3.20 few, little, a few, a little
(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点
few / little 为否定含义,没有多少了。例如:
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
固定搭配:only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many)。例如:
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。
典型例题:
Although he \'s wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
答案: A. spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。
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